Ida Lodding Gabrielsen

• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding & Marianne, Oksbjerg (2022). The use of learning materials in the teaching of literature – a comparison of Danish and Norwegian instructional practices. Norsk pedagogisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-2052. 106(1), p. 56–68. doi: 10.18261/npt.106.1.6. Show summary

  Two recent studies on instruction related to literary texts and the use of teaching resources have examined how literature instruction is justified and practiced in Denmark and Norway. Drawing on findings from these studies, we aim to shed some light on the didactical implication teaching resources have on the literature instruction.

• Nissen, Anna; Tengberg, Michael; Svanbjörnsdóttir, Birna María; Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding; Blikstad-Balas, Marte & Klette, Kirsti (2021). Function and use of Literary Texts in Nordic Schools. L1-Educational Studies in Language and Literature. ISSN 1567-6617. 21, p. 1–22. doi: 10.17239/L1ESLL-2021.21.02.10. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Function and use of literary texts in Nordic schools. Contribution to a special issue Working with Literature in Nordic Secondary Education edited by A.F. Gourvcennec. H. Höglund, M. Johansson, K. Kabel, & M. Sønneland. In this comparative study, naturally occurring literature instruction in Nordic lower secondary school is investigated in order to find out how lessons are organized, to what extent different genres are read and worked upon, and for what subject-specific functions and purposes literary texts are used. Implications for text selection by teachers are discussed. The study relies on four consecutive video-recorded language arts lessons from 102 classrooms in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The function and use of literary texts were investigated by means of video-analysis and statistical comparisons. The analysis clearly indicates that literature plays an important part in Nordic language arts education. In all four countries, narrative fiction texts were favored above other genres. When the aim was to give students joint reading experiences, short stories and excerpts from novels were normally used. Reading literature for the sake of developing comprehension appears to be a dominant function of using literary texts in Nordic lower secondary arts classrooms. The present study also suggests that it is important for Nordic teachers to provide their students with positive reading experiences.

• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding & Blikstad-Balas, Marte (2020). Hvilken litteratur møter elevene i norskfaget? En analyse av hvilke skjønnlitterære verk som inngår i 178 norsktimer på åttende trinn. Edda. Nordisk tidsskrift for litteraturforskning. ISSN 0013-0818. doi: 10.18261/issn.1500-1989-2020-02-02. Full text in Research Archive
• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding; Blikstad-Balas, Marte & Tengberg, Michael (2019). The role of literature in the classroom: How and for what purposes do teachers in lower secondary school use literary texts? L1-Educational Studies in Language and Literature. ISSN 1567-6617. 19, p. 1–32. doi: 10.17239/L1ESLL-2019.19.01.13. Full text in Research Archive

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• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding (2022). Podcast - Hvordan brukes litteratur i norske klasserom? [Radio]. Utforsk - Mottaket Media. Show summary

  https://podcasts.apple.com/no/podcast/hvordan-brukes-litteratur-i-norske-klasserom/id1597086559?i=1000587856858 Ukas gjest er stipendiat ved Institutt for lærerutdanning og skoleforskning, Ida Lodding Gabrielsen. Vi snakker om hvordan litteraturen kan brukes i norske klasserom. Vi kommer inn på hvorfor det er viktig å gi skjønnlitteraturen både tid og plass i norskfaget. Vi ser også på om det er et for sterkt fokus på sjangertrekk, og diskuterer om dette fører til om teksten i seg selv mister sin verdi.

• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding (2022). The literature students meet in school - a study of texts used in 178 Norwegian L1- lessons.
• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding (2021). Inquiry in The Norwegian Curriculum. Show summary

  The Norwegian Curriculum Renewal (2020) is a revision that entails a new core curriculum stating values and principles for primary and secondary education. Three interdisciplinary themes are introduced: Health and life skills, Democracy and citizenship and Sustainable development. Across the subject curricula, the topics are framed within a subject‐specific context. This study investigates the role of literature in the new L1 curriculum and aims to reflect upon the potential for an inquiry‐oriented approach to literature education in the revised curriculum, focusing on the three interdisciplinary topics. The topics, their intentions, content and function have been a subject of discussion not only in schools and within the field of educational research, but in the public debate. The analysis has implications for our assumptions about teachers` transformation of the QUALE program theory in a Norwegian context.

• Qvortrup, Ane; Elf, Nicolaj; Hansen, Thomas Illum; Vibeke, Christensen; Olin-Scheller, Christina & Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Quality Literature Education in the Nordic - The design, theorization, methodological reflections and preliminary findings from a comparative study of an inquiry-oriented approach to literature education in three Nordic countries . Show summary

  The Quality Literature Education project (‘QUALE’ in the following) draws on the completed large‐scale research and development project Improving the Quality of Danish and Mathematics in Danish Lower‐Secondary Education (abbreviated KiDM in a Danish context: Kvalitet i Dansk og Matematik). KiDM was a multi‐pronged intervention program taking place from 2016‐2019 focusing on inquiry‐based teaching of Danish. The purpose was to improve the quality of literature teaching: A multiple intervention research program was designed, which established an initial program theory for improving the quality of literature education. Quantitative and qualitative analyses have shown positive effects, while also highlighting limitations and, more broadly, the contextual nature of quality literature education. In the QUALE project, which is part of the larger Quality in Nordic Teaching (QUINT) research center, we hypothesize that due to the universal nature of literature as well as similarities found in Scandinavian Language arts subjects related to language and culture (Krogh, Penne & Ulfgard, 2012; Krogh & Piekut 2015), it will be possible to re‐ design and explore how the KiDM material is used and understood in six classrooms in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. Specifically, QUALE aims at recontextualising and redesigning, in a smaller scale, the material platform and didactic design of literature interventions developed and explored within KiDM. The comparative research project aims at exploring the following over‐arching research question: What does it mean to be inquiry‐based and to explore literature in a teaching context? What happens when we recontextualize an inquiry‐based approach and adapt it in different but comparable contexts? Sub‐questions include: • How do students and teachers in Swedish, Norwegian and Danish classrooms transform inquiry‐oriented design material for literature education in Language arts classrooms? • How do teachers perceive the effects and interpret an inquiry‐based approach in relation to contextual factors, needs and potentials for conducting literature education of a high quality? In this symposium, we present the program theory of QUALE, reflect on the design and methodology focusing on comparative issues, and offer findings from the first phases of the intervention from three Scandinavian perspectives.

• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding (2020). «Hva vil vi egentlig med skjønnlitteratur i norskundervisningen?» (Video).
• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding (2019). «Virkemidler er det vi bruker for å oppnå sjangertrekkene» - Skjønnlitteraturens rolle i 178 norsktimer på ungdomstrinnet. Norsklæreren. ISSN 0332-7264. 43(4), p. 28–36.
• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding (2019). Hvordan og hvorfor leser ungdomsskoleelever skjønnlitteratur på skolen? .
• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding & Oksbjerg, Marianne (2019). Læremiddelbruk i litteraturundervisningen – en sammenligning av dansk og norsk grunnskolepraksis.
• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding (2018). Literature Instruction – A Study of Instructional Practices and the Role of Literary Texts in 46 Lower Secondary Language Arts Classrooms.
• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding (2018). How and why do students read fiction? A Study of Literature Instruction in 182 Lower Secondary Language Arts Lessons in Norway.
• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding; Blikstad-Balas, Marte & Tengberg, Michael (2018). The Role of Literary Texts in Lower Secondary School Language Arts Lessons . Show summary

  This study investigates use of literary texts in language arts(LA) lessons across 46 lower-secondary Norwegian classrooms. We examined what students read, sources of texts, and functions of texts in instruction. Theoretical framework Students develop as readers by reading a variety of texts for multiple purposes (e.g Duke&Pearson, 2008). Studies have indicated the importance of instruction that provides students with opportunities to discuss texts to build a deeper understanding of them (Applebee, 2003; Nystrand, 2006; Wilkinson&Son 2011; Langer 2011). Methods The present study investigates the use of literary texts in 180 video-recorded LA lessons across 46 lower-secondary classrooms in Norway. All lessons were coded for the use of literary texts in the instruction, using the socio-cultural PLATO-manual(Grossman, 2015), to assess to what degree students engage in discourse and activities that are grounded in literary texts. Further analyses investigate the role of texts in instruction. Nuances in coding and analyses will be shown in the presentation itself. Findings Results indicate that a majority of the lessons do not contain instruction that systematically probes students’ active use of literature. In over 60% of the instruction in lessons students read fiction, the texts play a rather narrow role. References to the text, when they occur, focus on recall of specific details. Our material also offers detailed insight into how teachers provide instructional activities or opportunity for discussion that require students to actively use texts. These lessons contain extensive literary work and a discourse that could engage students to build deeper understandings of texts. A commonality across these lessons is that texts are actively used in the process of talking about their content, and form and content are seen as interrelated. We found three dominant instructional practices related to literary texts: silent reading, genre instruction and literary classroom discussions. In these three distinct practices, the texts either has a rather unclear role during silent reading, a very defined role as a model text or example in genre/writing instruction, or is used as grounds for literary conversations and analyses. The variety of texts was rather low. Most texts students read are from the textbook, strongly emphasizing pre-1990 male writers. Students scarcely read texts by foreign writers and there are no texts by Sami writers. Relevance In addition to highlighting some serious challenges concerning the role of literary texts in lower secondary schools, we provide insight into high-quality reading instruction via systematic mapping of what happens in lessons where such instruction occurs. Both findings are highly relevant to the educational field, for researchers and practitioners alike.

• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding; Blikstad-Balas, Marte & Tengberg, Michael (2017). Why and How do Students Read Fiction? A Study of The Role of Literary Texts in Lower Secondary Language Arts Lessons . Show summary

  The present study draws on 180 video-recorded language arts lessons across 46 secondary classrooms in Norway. By analyzing these recordings using a validated language arts specific manual (The Protocol for Language Arts Teaching Observation), our study investigates how literary text are used in language arts lessons, and to what extent the instruction provides student with opportunities to gain a deeper understanding of the text. The main aim of the presentation is twofold: first, we provide an overview of the opportunities for active use of texts in video recorded language arts lessons (N=180) gathered at 46 different Norwegian schools. Second, we analyze how the texts are used (what function they serve), with a particular emphasis on the classrooms where texts are used actively to build a deeper understanding of the text and/or genre and how to approach texts in general. Video recordings were collected in language arts classrooms at 46 different schools across Norway of four consecutive lessons in each class, amounting to a total of 180 lessons. The videos were coded using the observation instrument Protocol for Language Arts Teaching Observation (PLATO) (Grossman et al., 2010), where one of the sub-categories of the element text based instruction is of particular interest to the present study, as it provides a systematic overview of how fiction texts are used in the lessons. Each lesson was divided into events of 15 minutes and coded by at least one certified PLATO rater. Raters assigned a code to the segment using a four-point scale. In the low end, the score 1 was assigned if there was no texts present or a text was present but students were rarely asked to make use of it. Events scoring 2 contain instructional activities or opportunity for discussion that required students to refer to texts superficially. References to the text, when they occurred, focused on recall of specific details. The segment was scored 3 if the teacher provided instructional activities or opportunity for discussion that required students to actively use texts. Students were then required to cite specific features or evidence in order to construct an understanding of the text. At the highest level, scoring 4, the teacher provided instructional activities or opportunity for discussion that required students to actively use texts for a sustained period of time. At this level, students are required to cite and analyze specific features of the text in order to build a deeper understanding of the text, and often the genre and how to approach texts in general. A key finding is that in 62 % of the events where students are reading fiction, the texts play a limited and rather narrow role. Neither the students nor the teacher actively use the text. References to the content of the text, when they occur, focus on recall of specific details and do not in itself contribute to a broader understanding of the text. In line with previous research, our study shows that discussion and assignments related to the text are often experiential, emphasizing subjective and personal opinions without direct reference to the text read. Such assignments and questions tend to lead the students out of the text, instead of in to the text. Instruction about analyzing texts scoring at the low end, seems to focus exclusively on analytic terms (eg. “what does a metaphor mean?”) failing to use texts actively to find connection between form and content. Many texts are primarily read as examples of genre, and are used as examples of form rather than being studied their own right as literary works. In addition to the somewhat concerning findings described, our material also offers detailed insight into how some teachers are able to provide instructional activities or opportunity for discussion that require students to actively use texts.

• Gabrielsen, Ida Lodding; Blikstad-Balas, Marte & Tengberg, Michael (2017). Hvordan brukes skjønnlitterære tekster i norsk på ungdomstrinnet? En studie av skjønnlitterære teksters rolle i norsk i 46 8.klasser i Norge. Show summary

  Hvordan brukes skjønnlitterære tekster i norsk på ungdomstrinnet? Ida Lodding Gabrielsen, Marte Blikstad-Balas, Michael Tengberg I Kunnskapsløftet er skjønnlitteratur sidestilt med sakprosa, og flere norskdidaktikere (blant andre Penne, 2013) har uttrykt bekymring for skjønnlitteraturens rolle i norskfaget. Elever som ikke har litterære leseerfaringer, vil ofte ha problemer med å utvikle fiktive lesemåter. Å forstå skjønnlitterære tekster utvikler ikke bare den skjønnlitterære tekstkompetansen, men også en mer generell tekstkompetanse som er avgjørende for å kunne tilegne seg kunnskap og uttrykke seg skriftlig i flere fag. Forskning på elevers arbeid med skjønnlitteratur har vist at det er særlig to tradisjoner som dominerer: erfaringsbaserte og analytiske tilnærminger til skjønnlitterære tekster. Forskere og fagdidaktikere innen feltet (blant annet Langer 2011) foreslår å legge til rette for både personlige og analytiske lesninger, og trekker frem lærerens mulighet til å gjøre undervisningen faglig relevant gjennom deltagelse i diskusjoner og bruk av fagtermer, samt å gjøre relevante analyseverktøy tilgjengelige for eleven. I hvilken grad dette gjøres etter innføringen av Kunnskapsløftet er det få som har undersøkt. Vi vet også lite om hva elevene leser (utdrag/hele tekster, forfattere, hentet fra lærebøker/andre verk), og det som finnes av forskning på lesing på ungdomstrinnet i norsk skole er knapt, og dominert av kvantitative studier som fokuserer på leseferdighet. Med empiriske data fra prosjektet Linking Instruction and Student Achievment (LISA), undersøker vi hvilken funksjon de skjønnlitterære tekstene har i 180 videofilmede norsktimer (4 påfølgende norsktimer fra 48 ulike klasserom). Alle timene har blitt kodet (i 15-min intervaller) for bruk av skjønnlitterære tekster i undervisningen, samt i hvilke grad undervisningen legger til rette for at elevene skal kunne få en dypere forståelse for teksten. Nyansene i kodingen og intervallene kommer vi til å vise i selve presentasjonen. I analysene våre kombineres kvalitative og kvantitative metoder. Studien er forankret i sosiokulturelle teorier om læring og lesing, som vektlegger viktigheten av å innlemmes i et diskursivt fellesskap. Et viktig funn er at elevene i liten grad aktivt bruker de skjønnlitterære tekstene som er en del av undervisningen for å få en bedre forståelse av dem, og mange av tekstene elevene leser er hentet fra lærebøkene. I de timene hvor det leses skjønnlitteratur, er over 60% av undervisningssekvensene kodet som passiv bruk av tekstene, noe som innebærer at verken læreren eller elevene aktivt bruker eller analyserer tekstene. Dersom det er undervisning eller diskusjon knyttet til tekstene som leses, er fokuset på gjengivelse. Mange tekster blir primært lest som eksempler på en sjanger i sjangerundervisning. De leses altså som eksempler på form snarere enn i sin egen rett som litterære verk. Næranalyse av de sekvensene som har blitt kodet som aktiv analytisk bruk viser blant annet at læreren her legger til rette for at elevene skal begrunne analysene sine med konkrete eksempler fra tekstene. Eksempler på dette vil bli fremhevet i presentasjonen, fordi vi mener de har stor didaktisk relevans som «best practice». Våre data gir et unikt innblikk i hvilke funksjon skjønnlitterære tekster har i norsktimer på 8.trinn på tvers av mange ulike skoler.

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