Lisbeth M. Brevik

Mixed Methods

• Brevik, L. M. (2023). A ‘mixed methods way of thinking’ in game-based research integrations. In C. Poth (ed.), SAGE Handbook of Mixed Methods Research Designs. SAGE
• Brevik, L. M. (2022). The Emergent Multiphase Design: Demonstrating a Fully Integrated Approach in the Context of Language Research in Education. In A. Onwuegbuzie, & J. H. Hitchcock (eds.), The Routledge Handbook for Advancing Integration in Mixed Methods Research. Routledge.

• Brevik, L. M. & Buchholtz, N. F. (2022). The use of mixed methods to study language learning beyond the classroom. In H. Reinders, C. Lai & P. Sundqvist (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Language Learning and Teaching Beyond the Classroom. Routledge

Reading and online gaming

• Ahmadian, S., & Brevik, L. M. (in press). This Land Is My Land: Teachers’ integration of game and novel in English instruction. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning

• Brevik, L. M. & Holm, T. (2023). Affinity and the classroom: informal and formal L2 learning. ELT Journal, 77(1), 83–93.

• Brevik, L. M. (2019). Gamers, surfers, social media users: Unpacking the role of interest in English. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 35(5), 595–606.

Reading in the English classroom

• Aashamar, P. N., Bakken, J., & Brevik, L. M. (2021). Fri fra lærebokas tøyler. Om bruk av læreboka og andre tekster i norsk, engelsk og samfunnsfag på 9. og 10. trinn. Norsk pedagogisk tidsskrift, 3, 296–311.

• Brevik, L. M., Brantmeier, C., & Pearson, P. D. (2020). Strategic readers of English: Gradual release of responsibility. In L. M. Brevik, & U. Rindal (eds.), Teaching English in Norwegian classrooms: From research to practice (pp. 137–160). Scandinavian University Press. 

• Brevik, L. M. (2019). Explicit reading strategy instruction or daily use of strategies? Studying the teaching of reading comprehension through naturalistic classroom observation in English L2. Reading and Writing, 32(9), 2281–3210. 

Students as co-researchers 

• Brevik, L. M. (2024). Student teachers as co-researchers. Connecting research and education in the Co-research model. In I. K. R. Hatlevik, R. Jakhelln, & D. Jorde (Eds.), Transforming university-based teacher education through innovation. A Norwegian response to research literacy, integration and technology (pp. 116-130). Routledge

• Brevik, L. M. (2022). Studenter som medforskere: Kobling av forskning, undervisning og formidling. Bedre Skole, 1.

• Eriksen, T. M., & Brevik, L. M. (2022). Developing a “Research Literacy Way of Thinking” in Initial Teacher Education: Students as Co-researchers. In Menter, Ian (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Teacher Education Research (pp. 1–26). Palgrave Macmillan.

• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2024). Student teachers as co-researchers: connecting research and education in the Co-research model. In Hatlevik, Ida K. Riksaasen; Jakhelln, Rachel Elise & Jorde, Doris (Ed.), Transforming University-based Teacher Education through Innovation: A Norwegian Response to Research Literacy, Integration and Technology. Routledge. ISSN 9781032667898. p. 116–130. doi: 10.4324/9781032693798-10.
• Ahmadian, Shilan & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2024). This Land Is My Land: Teachers’ Integration of Game and Novel in English Instruction. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning (JCAL). ISSN 0266-4909. doi: 10.1111/jcal.13012.
• Ahmadian, Shilan; Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Öhrn, Elisabet (2024). Adventures with Anxiety: Gender bias in using a digital game for teaching vocational English. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning (JCAL). ISSN 0266-4909. doi: 10.1111/jcal.13006. Full text in Research Archive
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2023). A ‘Mixed Methods Way of Thinking’ in Game-based Research Integrations. In Poth, Cheryl (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of Mixed Methods Research Design. Sage Publications. ISSN 9781529723960.
• Casoli Uvsløkk, Julie & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2023). Intercultural approaches to second and foreign language instruction: A longitudinal video study. Teaching and Teacher Education : An International Journal of Research and Studies. ISSN 0742-051X. 134. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2023.104309. Full text in Research Archive
• Eriksen, Tone Malmstedt & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2022). Developing a “Research Literacy Way of Thinking” in Initial Teacher Education: Students as Co-researchers. In Menter, Ian (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Teacher Education Research. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3031161926. p. 1–26. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-59533-3_9-1.
• Kure, Astrid Elisabeth; Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Blikstad-Balas, Marte (2022). Digital skills critical for education: Video analysis of students' technology use in Norwegian secondary English classrooms. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning (JCAL). ISSN 0266-4909. 39 (1), p. 269–285. doi: 10.1111/jcal.12745. Full text in Research Archive
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Buchholtz, Nils (2022). The use of mixed methods to study language learning beyond the classroom. In Reinders, Hayo; Lai, Chun & Sundqvist, Pia (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of language learning and teaching beyond the classroom . Routledge. ISSN 9781003048169. doi: 10.4324/9781003048169-28. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Mixed methods has gained prominence as a research approach within a range of applied disciplines, including language learning. This chapter proposes that mixed methods research is relevant as a way of conducting robust enquiry concerning the role of language learning beyond the classroom (LBC). This is partially because study of authentic practices involves human subjects and is heavily dependent on context. In this chapter, the mixed methods approach is conceptualised as more than a simple combination of qualitative and quantitative methods; to enrich our understanding of LBC research, further analysis should involve an integration of the two types of data. We present a mixed methods way of thinking as a key construct and delve into multiple perspectives and integration as key issues facing LBC researchers and practitioners. We present empirical studies from around the world to illustrate the current state of mixed methods research in LBC contexts and implications for theory and practice. Finally, we discuss the added value of mixed methods approaches to indicate future directions of enquiry in the field of LBC.

• Bakken, Jonas & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2022). Challenging the Notion of CLIL Elitism: A Study of Secondary School Students' Motivation for Choosing CLIL in Norway. TESOL Quarterly. ISSN 0039-8322. 57(4), p. 1091–1114. doi: 10.1002/tesq.3173. Full text in Research Archive
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2022). The Emergent Multiphase Design: Demonstrating a Fully Integrated Approach in the Context of Language Research in Education. In Onwuegbuzie, Anthony & Hitchcock, John H. (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook for Advancing Integration in Mixed Methods Research. Routledge. ISSN 9781138361065. p. 196–212. doi: 10.4324/9780429432828-16. Full text in Research Archive
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Holm, Thea (2022). Affinity and the classroom: informal and formal L2 learning. ELT Journal. ISSN 0951-0893. 77(1), p. 83–93. doi: 10.1093/elt/ccac012. Full text in Research Archive
• Beiler, Ingrid Rodrick; Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Christiansen, Torgeir (2021). Skjermopptak som forskningsmetode i og utenfor klasserommet. In Andersson-Bakken, Emilia & Dalland, Cecilie Pedersen (Ed.), Metoder i klasseromsforskning Forskningsdesign, datainnsamling og analyse. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215047508. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Metoder i klasseromsforskning Forskningsdesign, datainnsamling og analyse Emilia Ingegerd Andersson-Bakken (red.) Cecilie Dalland (red.) Skal du forske på noe av det som foregår i et klasserom, læreres undervisning eller elevers læring? Da står du overfor mange viktige valg. Metodemangfoldet er stort. I denne boken gis forskningsbaserte presentasjoner av forskningsdesign, datainnsamlings- og analysemåter. En rekke erfarne klasseromsforskere har skrevet om sampling, mixed methods, gjenbruk av kvalitative data, intervju, videostimulert intervju, observasjon, bruk av video i klasseromsforskning, spørreundersøkelser, intervensjon og skjermopptak som forskningsmetode i og utenfor klasserommet. Kapitlene omfatter også analyse av videodata, kategorisering og koding i intervju- og observasjonsforskning, innholdsanalyse og elevtekster som empirisk materiale i kvalitative studier. Bokens redaktører er Emilia Andersson-Bakken og Cecilie Dalland, begge førsteamanuenser ved Institutt for grunnskole- og faglærerutdanning, OsloMet. Øvrige bidragsytere er erfarne forskere: Jonas Bakken, Ingrid Rodrick Beiler, Tuva Bjørkvold, Elisabeth Bjørnstad, Marte Blikstad-Balas, Lisbeth M. Brevik, Torgeir Christiansen, Harald Eriksen, Tove Stjern Frønes, Silje Hølland, Kirsti Klette, Nora Elise Hesby Mathé, Andreas Pettersen, Ingvill Krogstad Svanes, Sigrun Svenkerud og Anne Kristin Øgreid.

• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Mathé, Nora Elise Hesby (2021). Mixed methods som forskningsdesign . In Andersson-Bakken, Emilia & Dalland, Cecilie Pedersen (Ed.), Metoder i klasseromsforskning Forskningsdesign, datainnsamling og analyse. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215047508. Show summary

  Metoder i klasseromsforskning Forskningsdesign, datainnsamling og analyse Emilia Ingegerd Andersson-Bakken (red.) Cecilie Dalland (red.) Skal du forske på noe av det som foregår i et klasserom, læreres undervisning eller elevers læring? Da står du overfor mange viktige valg. Metodemangfoldet er stort. I denne boken gis forskningsbaserte presentasjoner av forskningsdesign, datainnsamlings- og analysemåter. En rekke erfarne klasseromsforskere har skrevet om sampling, mixed methods, gjenbruk av kvalitative data, intervju, videostimulert intervju, observasjon, bruk av video i klasseromsforskning, spørreundersøkelser, intervensjon og skjermopptak som forskningsmetode i og utenfor klasserommet. Kapitlene omfatter også analyse av videodata, kategorisering og koding i intervju- og observasjonsforskning, innholdsanalyse og elevtekster som empirisk materiale i kvalitative studier. Bokens redaktører er Emilia Andersson-Bakken og Cecilie Dalland, begge førsteamanuenser ved Institutt for grunnskole- og faglærerutdanning, OsloMet. Øvrige bidragsytere er erfarne forskere: Jonas Bakken, Ingrid Rodrick Beiler, Tuva Bjørkvold, Elisabeth Bjørnstad, Marte Blikstad-Balas, Lisbeth M. Brevik, Torgeir Christiansen, Harald Eriksen, Tove Stjern Frønes, Silje Hølland, Kirsti Klette, Nora Elise Hesby Mathé, Andreas Pettersen, Ingvill Krogstad Svanes, Sigrun Svenkerud og Anne Kristin Øgreid.

• Aashamar, Peter Nicolai; Bakken, Jonas & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2021). Fri fra lærebokas tøyler. Om bruk av læreboka og andre tekster i norsk, engelsk og samfunnsfag på 9. og 10. trinn. Norsk pedagogisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-2052. 3.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth (2020). Language Use in the Classroom: Balancing Target Language Exposure with the Need for Other Languages. TESOL Quarterly. ISSN 0039-8322. 54(4), p. 925–953. doi: 10.1002/tesq.564. Full text in Research Archive
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Ahmadian, Shilan & Garvoll, Katharina Køber (2020). English use outside of school: Gamers, Surfers and Social Media Users . In Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth (Ed.), Teaching English in Norwegian classrooms: From research to practice. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215032283. p. 190–216.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth & Beiler, Ingrid Rodrick (2020). Language use in English lessons: Monolingual, bilingual and multilingual approaches . In Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth (Ed.), Teaching English in Norwegian classrooms: From research to practice. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215032283. p. 92–116.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Lyngstad, Marit Elise (2020). The role of literature in the English classroom . In Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth (Ed.), Teaching English in Norwegian classrooms: From research to practice. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215032283. p. 163–189.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Lund, Andreas; Skarpaas, Kaja Granum & Røkenes, Fredrik Mørk (2020). Language and technology: Digital competence in English . In Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth (Ed.), Teaching English in Norwegian classrooms: From research to practice. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215032283. p. 43–64.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Skarpaas, Kaja Granum & Ramfjord Isaksen, Anja (2020). Vocational English. Building vocational orientation and relevance . In Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth (Ed.), Teaching English in Norwegian classrooms: From research to practice. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215032283. p. 65–90.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Brantmeier, Cindy & Pearson, P David (2020). Strategic readers of English: Gradual release of responsibility . In Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth (Ed.), Teaching English in Norwegian classrooms: From research to practice. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215032283. p. 137–160.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Gudmundsdottir, Greta Björk; Lund, Andreas & Strømme Aanesland, Torunn (2019). Transformative Agency in Teacher Education: Fostering Professional Digital Competence . Teaching and Teacher Education : An International Journal of Research and Studies. ISSN 0742-051X. 86. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2019.07.005. Full text in Research Archive
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). Explicit reading strategy instruction or daily use of strategies? Studying the teaching of reading comprehension through naturalistic classroom observation in English L2. . Reading and writing. ISSN 0922-4777. 32(9), p. 2281–3210. doi: 10.1007/s11145-019-09951-w. Full text in Research Archive
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). Gamers, surfers, social media users: Unpacking the role of interest in English. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning (JCAL). ISSN 0266-4909. 35(5), p. 595–606. doi: 10.1111/jcal.12362.
• Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). State-of-the-art: English didactics in Norway. In Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (Ed.), English didactics in Norway - 30 years of doctoral research. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 978-82-15-03074-6. p. 418–440. doi: 10.18261/978-82-15-03074-6-2019-21. Full text in Research Archive
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). PhD revisited: How teachers teach and readers read. Developing reading comprehension in English in Norwegian upper secondary school. In Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (Ed.), English didactics in Norway - 30 years of doctoral research. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 978-82-15-03074-6. p. 207–228. doi: 10.18261/978-82-15-03074-6-2019-11. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in Cristin

• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth (2022). Teaching English in Norwegian classrooms: From research to practice. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 978-82-15-03228-3. 244 p.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth (2020). Teaching English in Norwegian classrooms: From research to practice. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 9788215032283. 244 p.
• Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). English didactics in Norway - 30 years of doctoral research. Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 978-82-15-03074-6. 446 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Dodou, Katherina & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2024). Utforskande litteraturundervisning + estetiskt-produktiva angreppssätt = sant?
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Ahmadian, Shilan (2024). Teachers’ integration of game and novel in English instruction: A video-observation study.
• Dodou, Katherina & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2024). The teaching of literature in English in Norwegian lower secondary classrooms: Findings from a large-scale video-observation study.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Mathé, Nora Elise Hesby (2023). Slik kan du jobbe med utforsking i dine fag. Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Gudmundsdottir, Greta Björk; Doetjes, Gerke (Gerard); Mathé, Nora Elise Hesby; Dodou, Katherina & Barreng, Rebecca Linnéa Söderström [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2023). Hvordan fungerer livsmestring i norske klasserom?
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2023). Rekk opp hånda! Hvordan ser fagfornyelsen ut i klasserommet? [Internet]. Rekk opp hånda!.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Doetjes, Gerke (Gerard) (2023). Keynote. EDUCATE: Klasseromsforskernes blikk på livsmestring i engelsk- og fremmedspråkundervisningen.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Gudmundsdottir, Greta Björk (2023). Undervisning om livsmestring – lærerne har tatt oppgaven på alvor. Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X. p. 42–47.
• Vold, Eva Thue; Grung, Simen; Wold, Stephanie Hazel Grønstad & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2023). Comparing students’ proficiency levels in English and French across contexts. Show summary

  The large-scale empirical research project LANGUAGES aims to compare language teaching policies, methodologies and outcomes for secondary school learners (aged 13-15) of English and French in three European countries: England, France and Norway. English and French have different statuses in these countries: depending on the context, they are first, second or foreign languages. In addition, students’ language proficiency in second and foreign languages is known to vary extensively across contexts (European Commission, 2012). In order to conduct meaningful cross-context comparisons, the LANGUAGES research team needed valid and reliable measures of language proficiency. Altogether, the selected tests needed to offer comparable data and be appropriate for adolescent learners of French and English in each country at different levels. In terms of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) levels, we expected proficiency to vary from the pre-A1 level (Norwegian and English learners of French), via A, B and possibly C-levels (Norwegian and French learners of English), to native speaker competence. For feasibility reasons, the tests also needed to be relatively quick and easy to conduct. This paper discusses the challenges with selecting and using standardised tests developed for specific languages and contexts, and combining them into a battery of tests that would allow for cross-context comparisons. We will discuss how and why we decided to use standardised reading comprehension tests that were aligned with the CEFR levels (the Evalang tests for English) in combination with a new vocabulary test that we developed specifically for the LANGUAGES project in order to cover the pre-A1 level, building on existing resources and tests (Cobb, n.d.; Meara & Milton, 2003). In the paper, we present findings from the first year of the project, with data gathered from students (aged 13-15) in French and English classes. The contribution outlines key characteristics of each national context and presents a comparison of the estimated proficiency levels achieved in French and English by students in each country. Implications for the refinement of language attainment comparisons across national contexts are discussed, alongside the potential for such tests to inform language teaching policy and practice.

• Myhill, Debra; Dingwall, Nicole; Ghimenton, Anna & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2023). From talk to text. Ethical representations of participant voice. Show summary

  The choice of interview as a research tool is usually made because of the particular affordances of an in-person conversation, in contrast to a questionnaire or written documentation. Each interview is a unique social interaction, and the goal of interview research tends to be particularity, contextualisation and nuance, rather than simplistic generalisations. Research interviews, therefore, allow for an in-depth exploration of participants’ perspectives on the research issue, offering of ‘an understanding of the world from the subjects’ points of view, to unfold the meaning of peoples’ experiences’ (Kvale,1996, p. 1). The direct interaction between interviewer and interviewee, occurring in real time, generates flexibility, allowing the interviewer to ‘press not only for complete answers but for responses about complex and deep issues’ (Cohen et al., 2018, p. 506). Crucially, interviews give voice to the participants: rather than being obliged to use closed responses, such as a scale or multiple-choice questions, participants respond ‘using their own words’ (Braun & Clarke, 2013, p. 78). So, for researchers keen to understand human situations, contexts and phenomena, interviews seem to be a wholly appropriate choice to fully represent the complexity of human thinking, behaviours and actions. However, it is important to think critically about the ethics of representation when presenting data from interviews. Many articles make claims about their interview data: for example, that they ‘offer a more accurate assessment of the impact of life events on any individual’ (Fallon, 2008, p .387). Whilst this may be true, there is an ethical responsibility on the researcher to ensure that participant voices are represented as accurately as possible, avoiding bias, partial representation or cherry-picking of the data. Drawing on interview data from an international comparative study funded by the Norwegian Research Council, which is comparing language use and instruction across contexts (‘LANGUAGES’), this presentation will examine the ethics of representation when using interview data among teachers and students in secondary school in three different countries: Norway, England and France. It will do this in two ways. Firstly, we will consider how the design of the interview schedule and the data collection process is intrinsically linked to ensuring the integrity of representation – particularly in relation to interviewing technique, transcription decisions, and methods of data analysis. Secondly, we will address how participants’ voices should be represented in publications, notably the clarity of the link between data analysis processes and form of data presentation; how quotations will be used and the contextualisation of quotations; and direct attention to contradictions in individual participants’ data, plural and sometimes contrasting voices, and alternative perspectives between participants (e.g. teachers and students in the same class).

• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Haukås, Åsta; Fohr-Prigent, Estelle & Vold, Eva Thue (2023). Languages in the classroom: teachers’ perspectives. Show summary

  Second and foreign language teaching has slowly started to steer away from the monolingual ‘dogma’ (Butzkamm, 2003), by welcoming the first language (L1) and students’ additional language resources in the second and foreign language classroom (De Angelis, 2011; Haukås, 2016; Macaro, 2001; Molway, 2021). Furthermore, governing bodies in countries such as France (MEN, 2020), England (Ofsted, 2021) and Norway (NDET, 2020) encourage teachers to use students’ multilingual repertoire. However, little is known about the connection between teachers’ beliefs about multilingualism and how it actually translates into the multilingual classroom. In this paper, we present findings from the international LANGUAGES project. Drawing on teacher surveys and video-recorded lessons, the presentation will focus on teachers’ perspective on multilingualism; English and French teachers’ attitudes towards multilingualism and their teaching practices in second and foreign language classrooms. We present findings among teachers of English as a second or foreign language in France and Norway, and teachers of French as a foreign language in England and Norway, based on two datasets: (1) the Multiteach survey, where teachers express their attitudes towards and experiences with multilingualism, and (2) video-recorded lessons, to see whether and how they encourage the use of L1 or other languages than the target language in their lessons. Comparing teachers’ perspectives on multilingualism and actual second or foreign language teaching, our analysis provides a unique perspective on two language subjects across three countries revealing traditions within each education system, as well as similarities and differences across contexts related to language policy, recommendations from national curricula, teachers’ beliefs, and actual classroom teaching. The findings provide important insight concerning opportunities and challenges for language teachers, teacher educators and policy-makers across multilingual contexts.

• Molway, Laura; Funova, Adéla; Fohr-Prigent, Estelle; Haukås, Åsta & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2023). Unpacking student perspectives. Comparing multilingual attitudes and experiences with foreign language teaching . Show summary

  Second and foreign language education is key to fostering global citizens able to comprehend and appreciate linguistic and cultural diversity (Haukås et al., 2021). However, in some European countries, the number of students wanting to study additional languages in secondary school has seen a sharp drop (Norwegian National Centre for Foreign Languages in Education, 2021; Tinsley, 2019). Despite governing bodies’ efforts to encourage student enrolment in such classes, some students do not consider it necessary to study an additional language (Tinsley, 2019). Moreover, when students choose to study additional languages, there is a concern that the teaching is decontextualized and rarely authentic (Storch & Sato, 2020; Vold, 2022). These studies indicate a need for research focusing on students’ own perspectives on multilingualism to understand how to bring about change. In this paper, we present findings from the large-scale European LANGUAGES project. Drawing on student surveys, the presentation focussed on unpacking the student perspective on multilingualism; secondary school students’ attitudes towards multilingualism and their experiences with language lessons. We present findings among students who study English as a second or foreign language in France and Norway, and students who study French as a foreign language in England and Norway. The findings are based on analyses from two internationally validated student surveys: (1) the Ungspråk survey, where students express their attitudes towards multilingualism and views of their current multilingual selves (Haukås et al., 2021), and (2) the Tripod 7C’s survey where the same students report their experiences with curricular support in language lessons, in terms of how these lessons spark and maintain their interest in learning English or French, and the extent to which they find that their language teachers have designed stimulating lessons that facilitate active student participation (Ferguson, 2012; Molway, 2021). By comparing students’ perspectives on multilingualism and language education in widely different countries and contexts, we are able to highlight trends across two language subjects and identifying key factors for students’ attitudes and experiences with multilingualism. These findings will help identify what it might take to change learners’ perspectives towards multilingual education across very different school settings.

• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Eiene, Sarah Margrethe Øverlie; Cohen, Cathy; Molway, Laura & Funova, Adéla (2023). Diversity and inclusion. Comparing students’ reported languages to actual language use in English and French lessons across countries. Show summary

  It is generally agreed that embracing linguistic diversity in education is a key part of developing inclusive societies that respect diversity and difference (Council of Europe, 2008). However, scholars have expressed concern about the lack of a multilingual pedagogy in the classroom that includes and draws on all students’ existing language resources, whether home languages or additional ones (Auger, 2007; Cenoz & Gorter, 2017). This paper provides new knowledge by reporting on multiple datasets from the LANGUAGES project, combining a student perspective and an observed perspective on students’ language resources and the actual use of these resources in language lessons in England, France and Norway. LANGUAGES is a longitudinal project that examines the teaching and use of English and French within and across three national contexts, where these languages have very different statuses and where students’ language resources and proficiency vary extensively (European Commission, 2012). The project aims to spotlight the role that teaching plays in developing students’ ability to communicate in more than one language. The classes in this project were strategically sampled to include language variety in the three countries and include the four most linguistically diverse French and English classes in each country (n=24 classes), among students aged 13–15. This paper reports on findings from the first year of the project and includes two strands of data: (1) a thoroughly validated student survey (Haukås et al., 2021), where the project obtained a quantitative and systematic overview of all students’ reported linguistic repertoires, and (2) a well-proven video observation design in the classroom (Brevik, 2019), where the project systematically recorded four consecutive lessons in each language class (n=96). Adopting a mixed-methods approach (Greene, 2007; Tashakkori et al., 2020), this study focuses on the results specifically relating to similarities and differences between students’ reported language repertoire and the use of languages in the classroom. The contribution relates to trends across the three contexts, exemplifying teacher practices for capitalising on students’ diverse language resources and identities in the language classroom.

• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Gudmundsdottir, Greta Björk; Pollen, Birgitte Oppegaard & Heie, Magnus (2023). Ny rapport: Hvordan mestrer elevene livet i 8. klasse?
• Magnusson, Camilla Gudmundsdatter; Dodou, Katherina & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2023). Det leses mye autentisk litteratur i norske klasserom. Morgenbladet. ISSN 0805-3847.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Krüger, Andrea (2023). Livsmestring i skolen. [Radio]. NRK EKKO P2.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2023). Webinar: Hvordan fungerer livsmestring i norske klasserom? [Internet]. Utdanningsforbundet.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Haukås, Åsta; Fohr-Prigent, Estelle; Eiene, Sarah Margrethe Øverlie; Cohen, Cathy & Funova, Adéla [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Multiple voices and perspectives: Comparing students’ language resources to actual language use across countries and contexts. Show summary

  It is generally agreed that embracing linguistic diversity in education is a key part of developing inclusive societies that respect diversity and difference (Council of Europe, 2008). However, scholars have expressed concern about the lack of a multilingual pedagogy in the classroom that includes and draws on all students’ existing language resources, whether home languages or additional ones (Cenoz & Gorter, 2017). This paper provides new knowledge by reporting on multiple datasets from an international project, combining a student perspective and an observed perspective on students’ language resources and the actual use of these resources in language lessons in three countries. The project aims to spotlight the role that teaching plays in developing students’ ability to communicate in more than one language. The classes in this project were strategically sampled to include language homogeneous and heterogeneous contexts in the three countries and includes eight French classes and eight English classes in each country (n=48), among students aged 13–15 (n=1440). This paper reports on findings from the first year of the project and includes two strands of data to identify the two most linguistically diverse English and Frech classrooms in the LANGUAGES project: (1) the Ungspråk student survey (Haukås et al., 2021), where the project obtained a quantitative and systematic overview of all students’ reported linguistic repertoires, and (2) a well-proven video observation design in the classroom (Brevik, 2019), where the project systematically recorded four consecutive lessons in each language class (n=192). Adopting a mixed-methods approach (Greene, 2007; Tashakkori et al., 2020), this study focuses on the results specifically relating to similarities and differences between students’ reported language repertoire and the use of languages in the classroom. The contribution relates to trends across the three contexts, showing the extent to which the most linguistically diverse classrooms capitalises on students’ diverse language resources.

• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Gudmundsdottir, Greta Björk & Bjermeland, Monica (2023). Ny rapport: Læreplanverket er diffust – vil gi lærere tolkningshjelp. [Internet]. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Nipen, Kjersti; Aarnes, Helle & Hole, Kari Mette (2023). OMG! Kidsa er blitt vilt gode i engelsk. WFT? [Newspaper]. Aftenposten, A-Magasinet.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Gudmundsdottir, Greta Björk; Doetjes, Gerke (Gerard); Bjermeland, Monica & Grønlid Nedberg, Gunnhild (2022). Ny læreplan er innført: Hvordan tematiserer lærere livsmestring i fagene? [Internet]. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Breivik, Jarle; Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Funova, Adéla; Steuernagel, Carolina Rau & Sæther, Oline (2022). Studentinvolvering i undervisning og forskning (panelsamtale).
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Mathé, Nora Elise Hesby (2022). Using PLATO within and across different school subjects. Show summary

  Lisbeth M Brevik and Nora Mathé present work from their research in several projects using the PLATO instrument to study seven different school subjects in lower secondary school: English as an additional language, Norwegian language arts, modern foreign languages (French, German, Spanish), social studies, science, mathematics, and religion. PLATO has been originally developed as a language arts protocol, but has now been used across these subjects to measure direct instruction. Using the same protocol across subjects provides a unique opportunity for interdisciplinary comparison, which offers a common language with which to understand and discuss instruction within and across subjects. In the presentation we will provide specific examples of similarities and differences between subjects identified through the use of PLATO. In this seminar, Brevik and Mathé describe their work with PLATO as an analytic tool and give examples of the affordances of a common instrument as well as important considerations when using PLATO in this way.

• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Yri, Jørgen Sørlie (2022). Studentaktivitet som snakkis og som praksis. [Internet]. Pausepraten: live (S2E3).
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Vold, Eva Thue & Myhill, Debra (2022). Å forske på språkundervisning – verdien av å sammenligne undervisning i ulike språkfag på tvers av land . Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X. 3, p. 14–17. Show summary

  Ved å se på språkbruk, språkidentitet og språkundervisning i engelsk- og franskklasserom i Norge, England og Frankrike ønsker LANGUAGES-prosjektet å finne svar på hva som kjennetegner god språkundervisning på tvers av fag og kontekster.

• Bakken, Jonas; Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Vold, Eva Thue (2022). Flere vil bli språklektor. Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X. p. 28–33.
• Casoli Uvsløkk, Julie; Vold, Eva Thue & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2022). Intercultural Competence in Language Subjects in Norwegian Lower Secondary Schools: A Classroom Video Observation Study. Show summary

  In precarious times, seeing each other and seeking to understand each other is a key competence. To deal with inequality and social injustice around the world, it is essential to acquire intercultural “knowledge”, “skills” and “attitudes”, and hence develop “critical cultural awareness” (Byram, 2020, p. 44). These elements are fundamental within the field of intercultural competence. Learning processes focusing on developing students’ intercultural competence are therefore central in making young people reflect on contemporary social challenges. This paper presentation will give an account of the role of intercultural competence in Norwegian lower secondary English and French classrooms. Based on video- observations of 60 English lessons and 45 French lessons in 9th and 10th grades (ages 14-15)—collected by researchers between 2015 and 2017 and showing naturally occurring instruction over two school years at seven lower secondary schools in Norway—we will first quantify the amount of time allotted to work on intercultural competence in these classrooms, then investigate the types of instruction and strategy use that take place in the classrooms. In the analysis of instructional practices, we particularly build on the works of Michael Byram, Darla Deardorff (Deardorff, 2011) and Hild Elisabeth Hoff (Hoff, 2020). Given that there are variations between the English and foreign language curricula in how explicitly they refer to intercultural competence, we expect to find variations between the two subjects when it comes to actual teaching and the extent to which intercultural awareness is an integrated part of classroom discourse. Questions we will explore are: To what degree is intercultural competence taught in French as a foreign language (L3) and English (L2) classes? What can we actually observe? Is intercultural competence an integrated part of foreign/second language teaching, or is it treated separately? Is the focus mainly on Great Britain, the USA, and France, or are other relevant language areas and/or minority cultures also included in the teaching? Are there any common characteristics across the subjects? Are there noticeable differences? Although there is a considerable body of research literature on the concept of intercultural competence and different theoretical models, few studies provide findings based on empirical observations of intercultural competence within second and foreign language classroom teaching. Even fewer studies have compared across different language subjects. Consequently, the findings from this study will contribute to filling a knowledge gap in Nordic educational research.

• Gudmundsdottir, Greta Björk; Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Mathé, Nora Elise Hesby (2022). Digital dømmekraft i engelsk og samfunnsfag.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Ahmadian, Shilan (2022). Gamere gjør det ikke dårligere på skolen. VG : Verdens gang. ISSN 0805-5203.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Myhill, Debra; Vold, Eva Thue & Bjermeland, Monica (2022). To be or not to be multilingual. [Internet]. Podcast Læring.
• Bjermeland, Monica; Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Blikstad-Balas, Marte & Jordheim, Helge (2022). Språk er livsviktig - ferdig snakka. [Internet]. Podcast Universitetsplassen.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2022). Research-based teaching, societal needs and academic freedom.
• Brevik, Lisbeth Myklebostad (2022). Studenter som medforskere: Kobling av forskning, undervisning og formidling .
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Reedy, Gabriel; Breivik, Jarle; Thune, Taran Mari & Barreng, Rebecca Linnéa Söderström (2022). Circle U. Café Oslo: Driving pedagogical innovation. Show summary

  How can active student engagement in research improve the quality of education? Learn from colleagues at King’s College London and the University of Oslo.

• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2022). Utfordringer og løsninger ved utformingen av informasjons- og samtykkeskriv i VOGUE-prosjektet.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2022). Medforskning i lærerutdanningen . Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X. 1, p. 52–57.
• Kure, Astrid Elisabeth; Ahmadian, Shilan & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2022). Panel: Time, narrative and technology in English classrooms in Norway. Show summary

  In this panel, we will present two studies from nine English classrooms in Norway across 8th, 9th and 10th grade, where teenagers are video recorded over time concerning their use of narratives and technology. Gee (2007) states that using technology is valuable for narrative engagement, which in turn leads to learning. The present study argues that engagement in narratives and technology has the potential to develop skills critical for education. Digital technologies are considered a crucial aspect of educational policy around the world (Erstad et al., 2021; Ferrari, 2013; Kaarakainen & Saikkonen, 2021). Information and communication technology can complement, enrich and transform education for the better (UNESCO, 2021). The first study addresses how time matters when teenagers engage in two very different narratives by reading a novel and playing an online game to learn about Native Americans. The study draws on video recordings from 30 English lessons in two lower secondary classrooms in Norway, following 60 students during a two-week gaming-based project in 8th grade. Findings showed that time matter. A notable finding is that the combination of reading fiction and playing a video game matter in terms of student engagement, which aligns with research by the UK's National Literacy Trust (2020). One class read the novel before playing the game, while the other class played the game before reading the novel. The students who read the novel before playing the game were more engaged and learnt more about native Americans compared to the students who played the video game before reading the novel. The second study investigates teenagers' use of English across technologies and time. Adapting a national Framework for Digital Skills into an observation protocol (Norwegian Directorate of Education and Training, 2012), this study analysed video recordings from 60 English lessons in seven lower secondary classrooms in Norway, following 186 students across two school years (9th and 10th grade). The results show that students used digital skills critical for education in half of the video-recorded lessons. The main differences within and across classrooms related to the type of digital skills used in any given lesson, and an increase in the use of digital skills over time. First, students’ used basic rather than advanced digital skills. Second, when using digital skills, the main repertoire involved searching for and processing information online, and using digital technology to produce written texts. Third, we identified that the students’ use of digital skills increased over time. In the panel, we will present illustrative examples of how time matters when students engage with digital skills, narratives and online games in English. Implications for practice and the direction of future research are discussed.

• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Gudmundsdottir, Greta Björk & Doetjes, Gerke (Gerard) (2021). EDUCATE skal følge innføringen av fagfornyelsen i fag. [Internet]. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Vold, Eva Thue (2021). Forskere i Norge, Frankrike og England skal finne svar på hva som er god språkundervisning. [Internet]. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Cohen, Cathy; Myhill, Debra & Jemsek, Misha (2021). Quelles sont les caractéristiques d’un bon enseignement des langues? Le projet LANGUAGES étudiera des classes en France, en Angleterre et en Norvège pour y répondre. [Internet]. Faculty of Educational Sciences.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Myhill, Debra; Cohen, Cathy & Jemsek, Misha (2021). What makes good language instruction? The LANGUAGES project will study classrooms in France, England and Norway to find answers. [Internet]. Faculty of Educational Sciences.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Jemsek, Misha; Myhill, Debra & Cohen, Cathy (2021). Hva er god språkundervisning? LANGUAGES-prosjektet skal undersøke klasseromsundervisning i Frankrike, England og Norge for å finne svar. [Internet]. Institutt for lærerutdanning og skoleforskning.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Lomsdalen, Christian (2021). Om evaluering av fagfornyelsen. [Internet]. Lektor Lomsdalens Innfall.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2021). Main findings from the ETOS project in Norway - student voices and video-recorded lessons.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Doetjes, Gerke (Gerard); Bakken, Jonas; Hartvigsen, Kirsten Marie; Sylvén, Liss Kerstin & Olsson, Eva (2021). CLIL instruction in Norway and Sweden: Challenges and benefits.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2021). Key note: Online gaming, fiction and the development of reading comprehension.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2021). Invitert innlegg: Medforsking - Styrker og utfordringer ved deling av video som forskningsdata.
• Maasø, Arnt; Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Vasbø, Kristin Beate; Breivik, Jarle; Lerheim, Birgitte & Malthe-Sørenssen, Anders [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Dette må bli læringsmiljøets år. Khrono.no. ISSN 1894-8995.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2021). Invited talk: Students as co-researchers - connecting research and education.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2021). Invitert innlegg: Medforsking - bakgrunn, erfaringar, gevinstar.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Breivik, Jarle & Maasø, Arnt (2021). Samtale: Hvordan tilrettelegge for hybrid undervisning.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2021). Innlegg om digital undervisning.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Breivik, Jarle & Maasø, Arnt (2021). Hvordan skape et godt læringsmiljø med hybridundervisning? [Internet]. HF:Studio.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Holm, Thea (2021). Conference paper: Rethinking English instruction. Engaging vocational students in programming in the English subject. Show summary

  New technologies in informal contexts out of school have considerable implications for language learning and teaching. In this presentation, we argue for the wealth of learning opportunities provided by connecting informal and formal English use and thereby engaging students in their learning. While studies have demonstrated positive relations between learners’ informal English use out of school and English proficiency (Sletten et al 2015; Sykes 2018), less is known about how English teachers connect students’ informal English use with more formal use of English in the classroom (Reinhardt and Thorne 2020; Sauro et al. 2020). As part of the research project Vocational and General students'EE Use of English in and out of school (VOGUE), this study investigates the significance of such connections by examining language practices and student engagement in two vocational English classes in Norway (16–17 years) taught by the same teacher, where vocational students were learning English during a technology-based project. Data are drawn from three weeks of fieldwork and include observation data collected in school (video and screen recordings, student texts and teacher interview) as well as data collected outside of school (student language logs and screen recordings at home). Including data across contexts provided a unique analytical opportunity to compare information about how students actually used English in the informal context outside of school, and compare this with their English use in the more formal classroom context. We found that informal and formal language use was connected in two ways: (1) the teacher created affinity spaces in the L2 English classroom that were modelled on affinity spaces out of school in order to create student engagement; and (2) in these affinity spaces, students drew extensively on their informal English use. Implications include the importance of understanding students’ informal language use to rethink their teaching practices.

• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Toraman, Sinem; Smith, Michelle C. Howell; Guetterman, Timothy C.; Johnson, Burke R. & Plano Clark, Vicki L. (2021). Invited mentor: How to Convey the Methodology of Mixed Methods Research in Conference Proposals (invited session).
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2021). Invited workshop: Mixed methods.
• Mathé, Nora Elise Hesby & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2021). Forord, Fortellinger om flukt. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215047614.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Slåen, Åshild (2021). Om gaming og språkbevissthet. [Radio]. NRK kulturnytt.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2021). Key note: Assessment in CLIL.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Breivik, Jarle & Maasø, Arnt (2020). Hvordan involvere studenter i forskning? Diskusjon med et utvalg av UiOs meritterte undervisere. .
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2020). Invitert innlegg: Erfaringer med digital undervisning: hva fungerer og hva kan forbedres. .
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2020). Invitert innlegg. Erfaringer med digital undervisning .
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2020). Webinar: Struktur, helhet og sammenheng i Canvas. .
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2020). Innlegg: Om å lære å lære i Fagfornyelsen.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2020). Innlegg: Gutter, gaming og lesing.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2020). Utdanningsprisen 2020: Studenter som medforskere. Hvordan involvere masterstudenter i forskningsprosjekter og som medforfattere?
• Bakken, Jonas; Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Aashamar, Peter Nicolai (2020). Myter om læreboka. Utdanningsnytt.no.
• Hvalstad, Mette & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2020). Læringsfremmende tilbakemeldinger i engelsktimer . Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X. p. 76–81.
• Olafsrud, Annie Karoline & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2020). Utvikling av skrivekompetanse i engelsk . Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X. p. 86–91.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Holm, Thea & Christensen, Lina (2020). Hun lar studentene delta i forskningen: – Svært ettertraktet i arbeidslivet. [Business/trade/industry journal]. Forskerforum.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Larsen, Christiane Jordheim; Stang, Bendik & Wetås, Åse (2020). Dataspel er ei engelskspråkleg verd. [Newspaper]. Dag og Tid.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2020). Conference paper (peer reviewed): Emergent Multiphase Design: A Fully Integrated Approach in the Context of Language Research in Education. Show summary

  This paper proposes that the emergent multiphase design can be conceptualized as an integrated mixed methods (MM) approach for conducting language research. Although MM designs can be planned in advance, changes can arise during the course of a study, thereby allowing for an emergent design. The multiphase aspect of the design allows researchers to attend to integrated analyses in a stepwise fashion, where each phase influences the next and where some decisions can be made during the research process. This design is particularly relevant for the exploration of unexpected outcomes, and this paper focuses on such outcomes concerning students’ use of English as a second language outside school, their English proficiency, and the status of English in their youth culture.

• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth (2020). Det kan være bra å bruke flere språk i engelsktimene . www.forskning.no. Show summary

  Språkforskere har undersøkt hvor mye engelsk og norsk det snakkes i engelsktimer på ungdomstrinnet – og hvor mye norsk det er behov for.

• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Myhre, Torunn (2020). Språkbruk i engelsktimer. [Radio]. NRK Språkteigen.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2020). Invitert kommentar: Nordisk perspektiv på faglighet i engelsk (utsatt pga Covid19) .
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2020). Invited talk: Tensions and problematic situations when securing informed consent​ in and outside of school (postponed due to Covid19) .
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Flognfeldt, Mona Evelyn & Beiler, Ingrid Rodrick (2020). Livsmestring, mangfold, relevans. Engelskfaget etter fagfornyelsen . Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X. p. 46–51.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Flognfeldt, Mona Evelyn; Ronæs, Mary Ann; Bech, Kristin; Ahmadian, Shilan & Holm, Thea (2020). Invitert innlegg: Faglig frokost. Hva er nytt i det nye engelskfaget? Livsmestring - Mangfold - Relevans.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Tengberg, Michael & Ekstrom, Linda (2019). Disse lesestrategiene kan hjelpe elever til å forstå tekster de ellers ikke ville forstått. Utdanningsnytt.no.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Garvoll, Katharina Køber (2019). Ungdom som spiller mye dataspill, blir bedre i engelsk. Utdanningsnytt.no.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Landsverk, Johanne (2019). Hvordan får du tid til å forske? [Business/trade/industry journal]. Forskerforum.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). Invited talk: Gamers, Surfers and Social Media Users. The role of interest in English language learning and teaching . Show summary

  Adolescents engage extensively – and voluntarily – in textual encounters outside of school for online gaming, surfing the Internet, social media use or other activities where they use English as their main language of communication. In this course, I show that it can lead to improved English competence and discuss how to bring the English competence that students develop outside of school into the classroom.

• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). Invitert innlegg: Fagfornyelsen – Overordnet del. Kompetansebegrepet, kjerneelementer, dybdelæring, lære å lære .
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). Invitert innlegg: Engelsk i Fagfornyelsen. Språkbevissthet og identitetsutvikling i den virtuelle og virkelige verden​. .
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). Invitert innlegg: Masterstudenter som forskere.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). Invitert innlegg: Mixed Methods i kvalifisering til førstelektor.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). Invitert innlegg: Gutter, gaming og lesing.
• Ahmadian, Shilan; Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Sundqvist, Pia (2019). Jentene bruker engelsk til å snakke om fag - guttene bruker engelsk til alt mulig. Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X. p. 82–87.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Ahmadian, Shilan & Grydeland, Anders (2019). Intervju: Engelsk på yrkesfag. [Internet]. Yrkesfagpodden.
• Sundqvist, Pia; Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Sandlund, Erica & Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth (2019). Conference paper: A comparative study of language use in L2 English multilingual secondary school classrooms in Norway and Sweden. Show summary

  It is crucial that teaching practices rest on empirical findings from classroom research. In Norway and Sweden, second language (L2) English teachers have for a long time been guided by monolingual (English Only, EO) ideology, as this is believed to aid learning and many students are proficient enough to use English as the medium of communication (Others, Author1, & Author3, 2017; Lundahl, 2012). While the predominant ideology has been EO, observation studies of classroom work have revealed that in practice, many teachers enact a bilingual, English-Norwegian/Swedish, classroom language policy (Author2 & Author4, 2018; Lundahl, 2012; Author3 & Author1, 2016; Swedish Schools Inspectorate, 2011). However, in light of the growing linguistic diversity in schools in both countries, English may be the only shared language in a particular classroom, which in turn may provide support for EO teaching practices (Lundahl, 2012). Teachers may also adopt teaching practices aligning with a translanguaging ideology and pedagogy in adapting to the multilingual classroom (García & Wei, 2014), which would entail involving students’ entire language repertoires. Notably, there is little guidance from national English curricula regarding classroom language use, leaving teachers to rely on their own professional judgement for what language(s) to use to facilitate students’ learning. Internationally, empirical studies from multilingual L2 English classrooms are scarce, but much needed. The key research question is, then, what languages are used in such classrooms in Norway and Sweden? In this small-scale study, video and audio data were collected from seven lessons in three secondary school classrooms in each country, totaling 14 lessons. Learners were around 14 years old, which means that data were drawn from the 9th grade in Norway and the 8th grade in Sweden. Data were coded using the time-stamping method (Author2 & Author4, forthcoming), employing four codes: (1) ‘Norwegian/Swedish’; (2) ‘English’; (3) ‘Both’ (i.e., code-switching between Norwegian/Swedish and English), and (4) ‘Other language(s)’. A quantitative analysis was then carried out, examining the frequency and duration of each code, and putting those findings also in relation to the total speaking time of each lesson, followed by a qualitative analysis, focusing on characterizing the language practices. Preliminary findings reveal a range from English Only-dominant classrooms to classrooms where the majority language (Norwegian/Swedish) dominated. Whereas code-switching occurred frequently, there was hardly any use of other languages. Findings are discussed in light of learner group compositions, teacher beliefs about language learning and multilingualism, and didactic decisions in situ.

• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Skram, Vilde Mathilde (2019). Invitert innlegg: Varierte vurderingsformer på masteremne. Hvordan formativ of summativ vurdering kan spille sammen for å skape god læring og rettferdig vurdering. Erfaringer fra masteremnet EDID4001 English Quality Teaching.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Skram, Vilde Mathilde; Kristiansen, Eirin & Bore, Inger-Lise (2019). #13 Den om medforskning som vurderingsform. [Radio]. NOKUT-podden.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Stranden, Anne Lise (2019). Fantasy, online-spill og Netflix gjør unge bedre i engelsk. [Internet]. Forskning.no.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Garvoll, Katharina Køber (2019). Engelsk og onlinespill. Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X. p. 67–71.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Tengberg, Michael & Ekstrom, Linda (2019). Lesestrategier – en kunnskapsoversikt. Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X. 1, p. 62–69.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). Ungdom som spiller dataspill, surfer på nettet og bruker sosiale medier leser engelsk bedre enn norsk. [Radio]. NRK Nyhetsmorgen (01:50:00-01:54:30).
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Myhre, Torunn (2019). Dataspill og engelsk. [Radio]. NRK Språkteigen.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). Conference paper: The Role of Interest in Developing L2 Readers as Individuals.
• Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). Introduction. In Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (Ed.), English didactics in Norway - 30 years of doctoral research. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 978-82-15-03074-6. p. 9–15. doi: 10.18261/978-82-15-03074-6-2019-01.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Mathé, Nora Elise Hesby (2018). Diskusjon som flerfaglig demokratisk ferdighet . Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Helness, Hildegunn Lahlum (2018). Følg elevens utvikling på VG1 med nye læringsstøttende prøver i engelsk. Utdanningsnytt.no.
• Skarpaas, Kaja Granum & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2018). Engelskfaget: Relevans som forutsetning for god yrkesretting. Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2018). Invited workshop: The Washington University Foreign Language Learning Colloquium Speaker Series presents Making implicit practices explicit: Developing reading comprehension strategy instruction in the English classroom.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2018). Invited talk: The Washington University Foreign Language Learning Colloquium Speaker Series How teachers teach and readers read: Developing reading comprehension in English in Norwegian upper secondary school. Show summary

  This talk will address adolescent readers as individuals in order to explain variance in L2 reading models and theories (Bernhardt, 2011). In her doctoral work, Brevik collected data on L2 reading from secondary school students across Norway; observing classroom instruction and use of reading comprehension strategies, interviewing teachers and their students, and investigating a group of students labelled “outliers” due to their extreme scores on national reading tests. Her work specifically addresses the characteristics of the outliers as good L2 readers but poor L1 readers, and identified three learner profiles; the gamer, the surfer, and the social media user. This research has implications for reading instruction in countries where English is an additional language, and where English is the majority language (e.g, US, UK).

• Aashamar, Peter Nicolai; Mathé, Nora Elise Hesby & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2018). Diskusjon som flerfaglig demokratisk ferdighet. Bedre Skole. ISSN 0802-183X. p. 31–35.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Gudmundsdottir, Greta Björk; Aashamar, Peter Nicolai; Barreng, Rebecca Linnéa Söderström; Dodou, Katherina & Doetjes, Gerard [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2024). Å jobbe utforskende på vg1 og vg2. Den enkelte lærers undervisning har mer å si enn fagenes egenart. Rapport 3 fra forsknings- og evalueringsprosjektet EDUCATE ved Institutt for lærerutdanning og skoleforskning, Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 978-82-69249.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Gudmundsdottir, Greta Björk; Barreng, Rebecca Linnéa Söderström; Dodou, Katherina; Doetjes, Gerke (Gerard) & Evertsen, Ingrid [Show all 15 contributors for this article] (2023). Å mestre livet i 8. klasse. Perspektiver på livsmestring i klasserommet i sju fag. Rapport 2 fra forsknings- og evalueringsprosjektet EDUCATE ved Institutt for lærerutdanning og skoleforskning, Universitetet i Oslo. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 978-82-692498-4-2.
• Cini, Andrea; Funova, Adéla; Kaur, Sandeep; Larsen, Kathrine H.; Matar, Melissa & Lund, Rebecca Waters Boldsen [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2023). Conceptualising and operationalising ‘sustainable education’ (Circle U. Think and Do Tank on the Future of Higher Education Insight Paper). Circle U.. Full text in Research Archive
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Gudmundsdottir, Greta Björk; Doetjes, Gerke (Gerard) & Barreng, Rebecca Linnéa Söderström (2023). Å observere fagfornyelsen i klasserommet. Observasjonsprotokoller for livsmestring, utforsking og digital kompetanse. Å observere fagfornyelsen i klasserommet. Observasjonsprotokoller for livsmestring, utforsking og digital kompetanse. Rapport 1 fra forsknings- og evalueringsprosjektet EDUCATE ved Institutt for lærerutdanning og skoleforskning, Universitetet i Oslo. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 978-82-692498-2-8.
• Doetjes, Gerke (Gerard); Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Barreng, Rebecca Linnéa Söderström (2022). Tospråklig opplæring fra et skoleperspektiv. Tilleggsrapport fra Evaluering av tospråklig opplæring i skolen (ETOS-prosjektet). Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 978-82-692498-1-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Beiler, Ingrid Rodrick; Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Dewilde, Joke (2021). Multilingualism as a Resource in English Writing Instruction: Opportunities and Obstacles in Five Linguistically Diverse Classrooms in Norway. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 1501-8962. Full text in Research Archive
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Doetjes, Gerke (Gerard); Bakken, Jonas; Baran, Mukkader; Beiler Rodrick, Ingrid & Brkan-Masud, Altijana [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2020). Tospråklig opplæring på fagenes premisser. Rapport fra evalueringen av tospråklig opplæring i skolen (ETOS-prosjektet). 7Letras. ISSN 978-82-69249.
• Øvereng, Kjersti S; Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Ahmadian, Shilan (2020). MA thesis: The Gender Asymmetry Supported by the Teachers. An observational research of genders in English lessons regarding authentic text discourse in seven lower secondary schools. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Doetjes, Gerke; Bakken, Jonas; Baran, Mukadder; Beiler, Ingrid Rodrick & Brkan-Musad, Altijana [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2020). Tospråklig opplæring på fagenes premisser. Rapport fra evalueringen av tospråklig opplæring i skolen (ETOS-prosjektet). Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 978-82-69249. Full text in Research Archive
• Hvalstad, Mette Brenno; Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Dalland, Cecilie (2020). MA thesis: Effective feedback in English lessons in Norway. A video study of feedback practices in seven lower secondary classrooms. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Holm, Thea & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2020). MA thesis: Connecting English learning in and out of school. Teacher beliefs, student perspectives and bridging activities in the English classroom. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Larsen, Sanne; Qvortrup, Ane; Klitgård, Ida; Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Jensen, Kim Ebensgaard & Tyberg, Emil [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Faglighed i gymnasiet. Engelsk. Delrapport 5. Institut for Kulturvidenskaber Syddansk Universitet. ISSN 978-87-7938-138-4. Særnummer(5). Show summary

  I denne rapport præsenterer Syddansk Universitet og den af ministeriet nedsatte ekspertgruppe resultaterne fra en undersøgelse af den faglige udvikling inden for faget engelsk i det almene gymnasium (stx) i perioden 1981-2018. Dette er delrapport 5, som består af et resume og undersøgelsen. Baggrunden for undersøgelsen er Børne- og Undervisningsministeriets ønske om at få solid viden om udviklingen og niveauet i elevernes faglighed samt at etablere et grundlag for at følge fagligheden på de gymnasiale uddannelser fremover.

• Gulbrandsen, Øystein & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). MA thesis: Strategic reading and text media in L2 English classrooms. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Olafsrud, Annie & Brevik, Lisbeth M. (2019). MA thesis: Extended writing opportunities in English. A study of opportunities, discourses and scaffolding of writing in English in lower secondary classrooms. Universitetet i Oslo.
• Ekstrom, Linda; Brevik, Lisbeth M.; Tengberg, Michael & Skolforskningsinstitutet, Sverige (2019). Läsförståelse och undervisning om lässtrategier. Systematisk översikt 2019:02. Skolforskningsinstitutet. ISSN 9789198438390.
• Ivancevic, Maja; Brevik, Lisbeth M. & Rindal, Ulrikke Elisabeth (2018). MA thesis: Vague feedback in English L2 classrooms - A study of feedback practices in seven video recorded classrooms in lower secondary school. Universitetet i Oslo.

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